Microplastics are the most common type of plastic debris found in the Great Lakes and the ocean. Plastic debris comes in many forms, but microplastics are defined as those less than 5 millimeters (about the size of an eraser) in length. Because microplastics are a relatively new field of research, little is known about them and their effects. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Marine Debris program is spearheading efforts to learn more about this type of debris. Standardized field methods have been developed for collecting sediment and sand microplastic, as well as surface-water samples. These methods are being tested and standardized. Ultimately, field and lab protocols will enable global comparisons of how much microplastic is being discharged into the environment. This will be the first step toward understanding the ultimate distribution, impacts and fate of microplastic debris

Microplastics are made of a variety of materials, some of which come from larger plastic fragments that break down into smaller, more manageable pieces. One of the most common types of plastic microplastic is microbead, a very small, manufactured piece of plastic that is added as an exfoliant to many beauty products, including some cleansers, toothpastes, and other cosmetics. Microbeads can easily get into the water, where they can enter the ocean and the Great Lakes, where they can pose a threat to aquatic organisms. The use of plastic in cosmetics and other personal care products isn’t a new phenomenon. According to UN Environment Programme, the use of plastic in personal care began about 50 years ago, when plastic began replacing natural ingredients in cosmetics and other products. In 2012, there was still little awareness of the issue, with a large number of products on the market containing plastic and few consumers

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