Taxation on one of the most common substance on earth
The concept of taxing salt was introduced in the Guanzi, a Chinese text from 300 BCE, which suggested different approaches to its enforcement. The suggestions from Guanzi were adopted as the official salt policy by the early Chinese Emperors. At one time, salt taxes accounted for more than half of China's income and played a role in the building of the Great Wall of China.
In the ancient Roman Empire, salt played a significant role as well. The initial major Roman road, the Via Salaria, or Salt Road, was constructed for the transportation of salt. However, unlike the Chinese, the Romans did not control the salt trade.
In Britain, there are mentions of salt taxes in the Domesday Book, but these taxes had ceased to exist by the time patents were issued during the Tudor era. They were reintroduced in 1641 during the Commonwealth period, but the public reaction was so negative that they were repealed upon the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, and not brought back until 1693 under William III, with a duty of two shillings per bushel on imported salt, one shilling on local salt with a special exemption for salt used in fishing. In 1696, the tax was increased, and it remained in effect until it was abolished in 1825. It is estimated that there were around 600 full-time officials dedicated to the collection of these taxes.
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